• Home
    • Algae
    • Corals
    • Eels
    • Everything Else
    • Kingston, Norfolk Island
    • Nudibranchs, Sea Slugs and Flatworms
    • Octopuses
    • Out On A Swim Index
    • Reef Fish
    • Sharks
    • Sea Anemones
    • Sea Stars
    • Sea Urchins and Sea Cucumbers
    • Turtles
    • Underwater
    • Videos
  • Out on a swim - blog
  • About
  • Contact + Subscribe
Menu

Norfolk Island's Reef

Discover a fragile paradise – Norfolk Island's beaches, lagoons and coral reef
  • Home
  • Explore
    • Algae
    • Corals
    • Eels
    • Everything Else
    • Kingston, Norfolk Island
    • Nudibranchs, Sea Slugs and Flatworms
    • Octopuses
    • Out On A Swim Index
    • Reef Fish
    • Sharks
    • Sea Anemones
    • Sea Stars
    • Sea Urchins and Sea Cucumbers
    • Turtles
    • Underwater
    • Videos
  • Out on a swim - blog
  • About
  • Contact + Subscribe

Out on A Swim

‘Out on a swim’ is a coral reef blog that tells the stories of the characters who live under the waves and what has caught my eye when ‘out on a swim’ in the lagoons of Norfolk Island. It is also a record of the difficulties Norfolk Island’s reef faces, like many others around the world, as a result of the poor water quality that has been allowed to flow onto it.

This page shows the most recent blog posts. For the complete catalogue, visit the ‘Out on a swim index’ page.

This blog is rated in the Top 20 Coral Reef Blogs in the world.

Old Gnarly the swal doodle, Emily Bay, Norfolk Island

Old Gnarly, the swal doodle

January 1, 2022

I wade into the water from the beach. Often I will have Emily Bay, a coral-fringed reef lagoon on remote Norfolk Island, all to myself, especially in the cooler months. I pull on my snorkel and mask, tuck my camera into my bathers and strike out across the bay.

I’ve been swimming these waters for years. The first time was more than twenty years ago, when I lived on the island for a period of almost five years. Now I’ve returned to live here again and have slotted easily back into my old routine. If anything, I have more time now; my children are adults with babies of their own.

Swimming is my exercise, my mental health break, my meditation, and even my intellectual stimulation as I observe, photograph, identify and ask questions about this amazing habitat. I’ve even built a website of my observations (this one!). Wild swimming fills all my senses whereas lap swimming in a pool is a bland imitation, a make-do when you have no other options. I know I’m fortunate and I’ve been spoilt – even so I still jokingly refer to Emily Bay as #mylaplane.

I mix it up when it comes to the route I follow, but more often there are particular places I like to visit; I might check out the octopus’s den to see if she is still home; the bluespine unicornfish who charges back across the channel when she sees me coming; the bluestreak cleaner wrasse as he diligently and methodically grooms his clients who are queuing patiently waiting their turn. I catch the smoky pullers as they perform their sweet courtship dance, pausing to kiss each other every now and then. I shoo the banded scalyfins, a kind of damselfish, who charge at me from their carefully tended garden patches of algae. On Norfolk these fish are called aatuti by the locals in the Norf’k language. I’d often get a nip from these bumptious critters, but not so much these days. I fancy that they know me now, but maybe I am just being whimsical.

I give him the thumbs up. Look carefully and you can just see his white lips in the cave!

I know where they’ll all be hanging. And as I watch them, they watch me.

One guy I always make sure to stop by and say hello to is Old Gnarly, a spotted porcupinefish, known here as a swal doodle. He’s tucked around a quiet corner of the inner reef, and is seldom noticed by most snorkellers, of that I am certain. He quietly watches the watery action from the deep dark safety of his cave. The entrance to this hidey hole changes depending on the seasons. Sometimes there are fleshy green algae disguising his from door, sometimes a red feathery weed. At other times it is bare. On his doorstep live an aatuti and a smaller relative, a bright orange and neon blue multispine damselfish who busily go about their business, but always being watched by the Old Gnarly, the swal doodle.

He always knows when I arrive. The first thing you see are his big luminescent white lips as he casually floats up to the door of his cave. Brown, spikey, and a little time worn, he’s not exactly beautiful. He stares unblinking from bulging eyes, seemingly impassive. I stare back. Sometimes I get my camera out and take a shot. Other times we just look at each other as we bob around in the gentle surge.

I am always the first to leave. I think he would float there all day just looking at me if I stayed. I give him a thumbs up. Sometimes two. And wend my way along the reef to the unicornfish to see how they are going.

A recent report commissioned by the United Kingdom government has found that crabs, lobsters and octopuses are sentient beings, in that they can feel pain. To me, though, sentience is more than the ability to feel pain; it is the ability to perceive things as well. Old swal doodle is curious, that much is obvious. I believe we can learn a great deal from pausing, breathing quietly, and observing. It is a way we are able to connect with nature, develop empathy, and maybe learn to stop trashing it.

I have no doubt that this old swal doodle recognises me. We both pause, connecting in some abstract way. Neither of us understands the other, but it is a beautiful and precious moment in my day, nevertheless.

12 Nov 2021 (22)_crop.jpg
14 Sep 2021 (19)_crop.jpg
13 Aug 2021 (32)_crop.jpg
2 July 2021 (15)_crop.jpg
10 Dec 2021 (26)_crop.jpg
9 Nov 2021 (9)_crop.jpg
4 June 2021 (36)_crop.jpg
8.12 (20)_crop.jpg
16 May 2021 (35)_crop.jpg
17 Apr 2021 (35)_crop.jpg
22 Mar 2021 (4)_crop.jpg
9 Nov 2021 (7)_crop.jpg

Above, the many faces of Old Gnarly, the swal doodle, aka a spotted porcupinefish (Diodon hystrix).

Tags porcupinefish, puffer fish, Emily Bay, swal doodle
← The Great Big Coral Spawn MythCoral spawning, Norfolk Island 2021 →
Featured
18 Jun 2025 (20)_crop.jpg
Mar 7, 2026
Alveopora or flowerpot coral – how to tell the difference
Mar 7, 2026

They look alike at first glance, but Alveopora and flowerpot corals are not the same. The easiest way to tell them apart is to count the tentacles.

Mar 7, 2026
Norfolk’s lagoonal reef – the 2025 report, in plain English
Feb 27, 2026
Norfolk’s lagoonal reef – the 2025 report, in plain English
Feb 27, 2026

We now have the 2025 Norfolk Island reef health report, so I’m taking the opportunity to translate it into plain English here. Sadly, it’s more of the same story in Emily and Slaughter Bays – a reef that can cope with some stress, but is being asked to cope with too much, too often.

Feb 27, 2026
Halimeda’s night shift – why this reef algae changes colour
Feb 20, 2026
Halimeda’s night shift – why this reef algae changes colour
Feb 20, 2026

Halimeda is a calcareous green reef alga that forms new segments overnight, shifts from white to bright green by dawn, then pales again as calcification begins. A quick look at one of the reef’s smartest algae.

Feb 20, 2026
Reef real estate – a bubble-tip’s six-year stand-off
Jan 11, 2026
Reef real estate – a bubble-tip’s six-year stand-off
Jan 11, 2026

Reef space is finite, and nothing ‘shares’ it politely. This short photo essay follows one bubble-tip anemone on Norfolk Island’s lagoonal reef as it holds a crater surrounded by Montipora. The coral builds a rim; the anemone holds the centre. Six years apart, and the argument continues.

Jan 11, 2026
A year in review – 2025 on Norfolk Island's reef
Dec 28, 2025
A year in review – 2025 on Norfolk Island's reef
Dec 28, 2025

Norfolk Island’s reef in 2025 – a year in review. From NOAA bleaching alerts and the UN Ocean Conference ‘Warning Signs’ series to post-drought coral recovery and a wet winter revealed in long-term rainfall records, this post captures the wins, losses, and shifting baselines beneath the lagoon. Includes reef photos, highlights from Reef Relief, and standout stories from 2025 – from coral health and disease to boxfish biomimicry, sea urchins, nudibranchs, and heat-stress signals in anemones.

Dec 28, 2025
Herbicides, heritage, and an inshore reef: what happens when land management meets lagoon health
Dec 15, 2025
Herbicides, heritage, and an inshore reef: what happens when land management meets lagoon health
Dec 15, 2025

Herbicide use near Emily, Slaughter and Cemetery Bays raises questions about inshore reef health, heritage land management, and environmental protection on Norfolk Island.

Dec 15, 2025
Signs of bleaching – 8 December 2025
Dec 8, 2025
Signs of bleaching – 8 December 2025
Dec 8, 2025

I took these photographs this morning, Monday, 8 December 2025. A few warm days of settled weather, little cloud cover and low tides in the hottest part of the day have led to some early bleaching on our reef. Bleaching doesn’t always mean death for our corals, but it is concerning to have this so early in the summer season. Fingers crossed the conditions don’t last and the reef can recover.

Dec 8, 2025
Nature is my teacher
Dec 3, 2025
Nature is my teacher
Dec 3, 2025

This is a thank-you note. Five years after my first Out on a swim post – written with zero marine science quals and a head full of questions – I’m still in the water, now as a PhD candidate, because an extraordinary mix of locals, volunteers, researchers and public servants decided to share what they knew. This is the story of how nature – and a very patient community – became my teachers.

Dec 3, 2025
Reef grief: what dredging has done to other reefs
Nov 30, 2025
Reef grief: what dredging has done to other reefs
Nov 30, 2025

From Miami to Fiji, from Dubai to tiny village harbours on atolls, dredging near coral reefs has left a long trail of scars – even on ‘small’ projects. This follow-up to last week’s Kingston post walks through real examples of what happened elsewhere, and what that should make us think about before we dig up our own reef.

Nov 30, 2025
To dredge or not to dredge? The Kingston Pier channel project
Nov 20, 2025
To dredge or not to dredge? The Kingston Pier channel project
Nov 20, 2025

How much risk are we really taking with the planned dredging at Kingston Pier – and how much protection do our corals actually have on paper? This piece walks through what the federal approval does and doesn’t guarantee, explains why sediment and light matter so much to the reef, and asks the hard questions we need answered before we trade a deeper channel for a shallower future.

Nov 20, 2025

Latest Posts

© 2026 All rights reserved.