The Emily Bay’s massive ‘brain’ coral, *Paragoniastrea australensis*, photographed on 6 July 2024

While you were sleeping ...

July 10, 2024

This massive and incredibly slow-growing Paragoniastrea australensis sits in Emily Bay on Norfolk Island and is one of our most recognisable bommies. While all looks reasonably calm during the day, at night, while you are sleeping, the surface of the coral colony seethes with millions of tiny tentacles busily reaching out to find food, while others aggressively ward off opportunistic interlopers.

Green moon wrasse, Emily Bay, Norfolk Island

I only have fish eyes for you!

February 22, 2024

Do fish have eyes that move independently? Well, no, not really, but, yes, sort of, in some species, sometimes!

Read on for a brief ‘Fish eyes 101’ summary of how they work.

Emily Bay, full moon rising, by Norfolk Island photographer Joelene Oliver

Full moon, low tides and Norfolk Island’s reef

June 2, 2023

With the low, low tides associated with a full moon, the bays on Norfolk Island are like a huge, calm swimming pool, giving us some great snorkelling opportunities. These low tides should also let us view the causeway, which will no doubt be exposed too. This post explores these opportunities as well as what the low tides mean for corals. Read more in this fact packed blog post.

For the sake of our grandchildren

March 26, 2023

What will my grandson see when he is old enough to snorkel on Norfolk Island’s reef? Will there be anything left as I know it? Or will he think it is all great because of that hoary old phenomenon called ‘shifting baseline syndrome’? This record of all my photos and observations will give him some idea of what we had in our bays in the 2020s.

Emily Bay, Norfolk Island, #thecoloursarereal!

Beneath the waves in Emily Bay, Norfolk Island

March 20, 2023

Looking across Emily Bay, do you wonder what is beneath the waves in there? Although this is not strictly part of Norfolk Island’s reef, it is part of one continuous ecosystem; therefore, in today’s March focus on Norfolk Island’s reef I thought it was worth showing you what you can see at your feet as you wade into the shallows.

Norfolk Island's Blenny Fest

October 31, 2022

At this time of year, as the mating season begins, the delightful little Lady Musgrave blennies, Cirripectes chelomatus, change colour from dark inky blue black with a few barely visible red spots to a showy and vibrant mustard yellow.

A flatworm, *Pseudobiceros sp*, dining on the tunicates

Sea squirts – friend or foe?

October 17, 2022

Emily Bay and Slaughter Bay have recently experienced a significant increase in the numbers of overgrowing tunicates. In this post I take a look at these critters – which, incredibly, are distant cousins to humans – and ask some questions about their presence and impact on our coral reef ecosystem.

No, it's not a parrotfish!

June 26, 2022

Wrasse and parrotfish often get confused, but they each have quite differen roles to play on our reefs. Parrotfish are vital to the health of coral reefs. They clean up the surface algae that live on and compete with the coral. Read more to find out how they differ.

Citizen science in action on Norfolk Island

February 28, 2022

My photos of the Tonna melanostoma, a giant underwater mollusc, are the only ones of the live animal in the public domain. We are so fortunate to have these special and rare creatures living in our coral-reef lagoons; their existence here serves to highlight what a special habitat Norfolk Island’s reef really is. It is an ecosystem that must be preserved at all costs.

Old Gnarly, the swal doodle

January 1, 2022

When I’m out on my swim, one guy I always stop by and say hello to is Old Gnarly, a spotted porcupinefish known here as a swal doodle. He knows when I arrive. The first thing you see are his big luminescent white lips as he floats to the door of his cave. We pause, study each other for a moment, then I give him the thumbs up before continuing my swim. It is a precious moment when you connect with a wild animal like this, and it makes my day.

*Stylocheilus striatus* – commonly called the lined sea hare, blue ring sea hare or furry sea hare

Furry sea hares as eco-warriors

December 12, 2021

Stylocheilus striatus – commonly called the lined sea hare, blue ring sea hare or furry sea hare – have appeared in numbers at one end of the shallows of Emily Bay. These little sea hares are great to have around as they consume the toxic blue-green alga that fish and other herbivores don’t or can’t eat or tolerate.

#LittleFig, my puppa, following me in for a swim at Cemetery Bay, the island’s dog beach.

Penis fencing flatworms

November 2, 2021

Here’s a quick round up of what has been happening on Norfolk Island’s reef in the last couple of weeks. There is always so much going on. Read on to find out about the mating habits of flatworms, and see a busy bluestreak cleaner wrasse hard at work cleaning his wide variety of customers.

Nuptial colouration in blennies

October 12, 2021

Warmer water and some behavioural changes: some fish are getting their nuptial colours on, while others have started incubating eggs in their mouth. It is all happening ‘out on a swim’. Catch up on the last week in Norfolk Island’s lagoons here.

A school of sand mullet, Myxus elongatus — A school of sand mullet, *Myxus elongatus*

Report released into the health of Norfolk Island's reef

September 7, 2021

This week’s observations while out on a swim, included some very active and inquisitive green moon wrasse. One, in particular, followed me for a good half an hour as I made my way around the reef off the Salt House. Find out more about what was happening beneath the waves on Norfolk Island this week.

Convict snake eel - *Leiuranus versicolor*

Banded, convict and spotted snake eels - know the difference

August 31, 2021

A beautiful banded snake eel, Leiuranus semicinctus, popped into view on Saturday. These gorgeous guys are docile and will dive head first into the sand if you get too close. Read on to discover how many types of snake eel we have in Norfolk Island’s lagoons.

Slaughter Bay from Point Hunter, Lone Pine, low tide 27 June 2021

Mid-winter fabulousness

June 29, 2021

There’s been plenty going on under the waves here on Norfolk island, while above the waves we’ve just had the most fabulous mid-winter weather. With a full moon on 24 June, we experienced some wonderful low, low tides. Did you know that peak low tides always lag the full moon (and new moon) by a day or so?

Halfmoon grouper - Epinephelus rivulatus

Close encounter with a halfmoon grouper

December 18, 2020

A close encounter with a halfmoon grouper causes an amazing transformation from mottled red to mustard yellow.

Juvenile Norfolk cardinalfish, Ostorhinchus norfolcensis, under the raft, Emily Bay

Mouth-brooding Norfolk cardinalfish

December 4, 2020

Norfolk cardinalfish are called big eyes on Norfolk Island, and it is easy to see why! These guys are mouth brooders, as in the male nurtures the eggs in his mouth.

The elite fleet

December 3, 2020

Like fragile jewels floating on the ocean currents, the common violet snail feeds on a fellow compatriots in the pleustal zone just beneath the ocean’s surface, the bluebottle. We should be grateful, because they are doing us a service by chomping on those stingers!

Featured

Oct 20, 2024

Gorgeous, boring and brown!

Oct 20, 2024

Gorgeous, boring brown, Montipora corals! These beautiful coral colonies (and remember, these consist of loads of tiny little animals, which work together to create these amazing shapes) are one of our key reef-building corals. There are around 85 known species belonging to the Montipora genus.

Oct 20, 2024

Oct 14, 2024

Taking stock. Which way from here?

Oct 14, 2024

CSIRO are on Norfolk Island this week to present the findings of their report into water quality. As our Administrator, George Plant, says: ‘What the data shows us is that the quality of ground and surface water entering Emily and Slaughter Bays often contains high levels of contamination ... The health of the Emily and Slaughter Bay reef will continue to decline if we do not improve water quality.’

Oct 14, 2024

Sep 15, 2024

You may call this beauty 'Lobophyllia recta sensu Veron'

Sep 15, 2024

One of the first corals to catch my eye when I set out with my new camera in January 2020 was this stunning boulder coral that sits off the Salt House in Emily Bay. Regular swimmers would all be aware of its presence, but not many would realise that it is quite possibly an as-yet undescribed species of coral, which for the moment is known as Lobophyllia recta sensu Veron.

Sep 15, 2024

Sep 7, 2024

'Barometers of life' – National Threatened Species Day

Sep 7, 2024

Today's National Threatened Species Day post discusses the conundrum of Australia's threatened species list and the IUCN Red List as they relate to vulnerable and threatened species here on Norfolk Island in the Marine Park. How, for example, do we offer protections to something that hasn't been formally identified yet, let alone listed as threatened?

Sep 7, 2024

Aug 9, 2024

Groundhog Day in Emily Bay

Aug 9, 2024

Four years ago, we had what amounted to nothing short of an environmental catastrophe in our lagoons. In the intervening years we have had numerous reports commissioned and delivered, and I have written plenty of blog posts about our poor water quality. Three weeks ago, on 20 July 2024, it all happened again. In this post, I explain exactly what occurred. Groundhog Day in Emily Bay, Norfolk Island.

Aug 9, 2024

Jul 23, 2024

Ageing colourfully. This guy!

Jul 23, 2024

I’ve been photographing this guy, a green moon wrasse, since 2020, when he was a young adult just transitioning from being a female to a male. Green moon wrasse are said to live five to seven years in the wild, which means that our lovely old friend here could well be classified as an elder. This post is dedicated to this cheeky and inquisitive fish, the boss!

Jul 23, 2024

Jul 10, 2024

While you were sleeping ...

Jul 10, 2024

Jul 7, 2024

Gender transitioning in the birdnose wrasse

Jul 7, 2024

All birdnose wrasses are born female but will change to males if the conditions are right. Its appearance changes radically throughout is lifecycle, from when it is a juvenile, through to being a female and then finally to being a male (known as sexual metamorphosis, or sequential hermaphroditism). For about three weeks you can see that transition taking place in the sequence of photos in this blog.

Jul 7, 2024

May 27, 2024

One hundred year-old coral gone in less than one hundred days

May 27, 2024

Paragoniastrea australensis is an incredibly slow growing species of coral. The colony featured in this post is probably 100 years old. When disease took hold in January 2024, it was gone, dead, in less than 100 days. Now it is a skeleton overgrown with algae. The worst part of this sad story is that it is our fault it died.

May 27, 2024

Apr 22, 2024

Fish stocktake – the mysteries, the surprises and the wins

Apr 22, 2024

In my ‘Year in review for 2023 on Norfolk Island’s reef’, published in December 2023, I made a few observations about the apparent disappearance of some fish species from Norfolk Island’s lagoons. I thought I would revisit these, principally because since December there has been so much additional fish activity here, with some exciting population increases and a few new species turning up.

Apr 22, 2024

Out on A Swim

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